tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-349437222024-03-07T16:51:06.247-08:00Abuja VolunteerI've just returned to London after working as an IT advisor in Nigeria for VSO / GTZ (VSO = voluntary service overseas, GTZ = German Agency for Technical Co-operation). The subject of the blog is my experiences in international development.indar phhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03579706431783653704noreply@blogger.comBlogger54125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-34943722.post-82447836251483331922010-09-18T03:45:00.000-07:002010-09-18T03:49:22.963-07:00Why are we rich?<h6 class="uiStreamMessage" ft="{"type":"msg"}">One of the questions asked by people interested in International Development is "why are some countries rich, when others are poor?" Some answers here:</h6><a href="http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1312764/Britains-child-slaves-New-book-says-misery-helped-forge-Britain.html"><span style="font-style: italic;">Britains child slaves</span></a>indar phhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03579706431783653704noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-34943722.post-75188993946338553312009-10-28T23:16:00.000-07:002009-10-28T23:21:11.152-07:00Breaking a Conspiracy of Silence<span class="Apple-style-span" style=" line-height: 18px; font-family:'Times New Roman', Georgia, serif;font-size:14px;"><i>I am writing to you in desperation because we have lost ten of our best qualified nurses and midwives to International NGOs who do not support us during the training but who snatch the best from us with salary offers that we cannot match. Somehow, we seem to have become victims of our success because our nurses are the best in the country. We train four times what our hospital needs but still cannot cover the demand for good and responsible nurses.</i></span><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'Times New Roman', Georgia, serif;font-size:130%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" line-height: 18px;font-size:14px;"><i><br /></i></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'Times New Roman', Georgia, serif;font-size:130%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" line-height: 18px;font-size:14px;"><i><a href="http://www.nybooks.com/articles/23372">http://www.nybooks.com/articles/23372</a></i></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'Times New Roman', Georgia, serif;font-size:130%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" line-height: 18px;font-size:14px;"><i><br /></i></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'Times New Roman', Georgia, serif;font-size:130%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" line-height: 18px;font-size:14px;"><i>(New York Review of Books, Sue Halpern).</i></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'Times New Roman', Georgia, serif;font-size:130%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" line-height: 18px;font-size:14px;"><i><br /></i></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'Times New Roman', Georgia, serif;font-size:130%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" line-height: 18px;font-size:14px;"><i><br /></i></span></span></div>indar phhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03579706431783653704noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-34943722.post-82183942870522127562009-10-14T20:35:00.000-07:002009-10-14T20:37:49.295-07:00Slump pushes world hunger to 40-year high<p style="font-style: italic;" class="font-null">The increase in the number of hungry people is not a result of poor harvests but is due to high food prices – particularly in developing countries – lower incomes and lost jobs.</p><p style="font-style: italic;" class="font-null">"The rising number of hungry people is intolerable," said FAO director-general, Jacques Diouf. "We have the economic and technical means to make hunger disappear, what is missing is a stronger political will to eradicate hunger forever."</p><p style="font-style: italic;" class="font-null"><a href="http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/politics/slump-pushes-world-hunger-to-40year-high-1802830.html">U.K. Independent Newspaper</a><br /></p>indar phhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03579706431783653704noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-34943722.post-80569828537846953852009-07-02T04:26:00.000-07:002009-07-02T04:28:23.140-07:00* News * Technology * Google Google joins push to send Ugandans vital information through their mobiles<span style="font-style: italic;">AppLab will give millions of Africans access to health advice, farming tips and trading services using only a mobile handset<br /><br /><a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2009/jun/29/google-launches-applab-in-uganda">http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2009/jun/29/google-launches-applab-in-uganda</a><br /><br /><br /></span>indar phhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03579706431783653704noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-34943722.post-72958158216566800332009-04-21T23:11:00.000-07:002009-04-21T23:19:11.350-07:00I.T. goes Green<span style="color: rgb(51, 255, 51);font-size:130%;" ><span style="font-style: italic;">Information Technology goes green.</span><br /></span><br />There are a lot of environmental issues concerning I.T.; a major concern is disposing of old hardware, which can contain toxic substances. This article in PCMAG.COM reviews eco friendly laptops, desktops, monitors, and disk drives:<br /><br /><a href="http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2345704,00.asp">http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2345704,00.asp</a>indar phhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03579706431783653704noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-34943722.post-73271572117862933612009-04-09T13:45:00.000-07:002009-04-09T13:48:53.228-07:00More roads in Africa ?Does Africa need more roads, more railways, or both ?, (or neither ?);<div><br /></div><div>This article in the UK Guardian suggests that more roads are needed; China is investing in building more railways. </div><div><br /></div><div><a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/society/katineblog/2009/apr/09/african-road-investment">http://www.guardian.co.uk/society/katineblog/2009/apr/09/african-road-investment</a><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div>indar phhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03579706431783653704noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-34943722.post-12695758275222611262009-04-08T16:21:00.000-07:002009-04-08T16:23:07.473-07:00Ecological debt: no way back from bankrupt<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: verdana; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 18px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: italic;">While most governments' eyes are on the banking crisis, a much bigger issue - the environmental crisis - is passing them by, says Andrew Simms. In the Green Room this week, he argues that failure to organise a bailout for ecological debt will have dire consequences for humanity.</span></span><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: verdana; font-size: 13px; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; line-height: 18px;"><br /></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(70, 70, 70); font-family: verdana; font-size: 13px; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; line-height: 18px;"><a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/7988648.stm">http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/7988648.stm</a><br /></span></div>indar phhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03579706431783653704noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-34943722.post-72421676773234956732009-03-04T02:01:00.000-08:002009-03-04T02:06:17.281-08:00fairtradeApparently the people who first came up with the idea of fairtrade took the idea to banking analysts who laughed at them, saying that it was ridiculous to think that anyone would pay more for coffee, chocolate, etc in order to help some poor farmers in a far away country.<div><br /></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: italic;">"Britain's most popular chocolate bar, Dairy Milk, is to become Fairtrade certified in Britain and Ireland in a move that will double the amount of cocoa bought from smallholders in the developing world under the sustainable farming scheme."</span></span><br /></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial; font-size: 14px; font-style: italic; line-height: 19px;"><br /></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial; font-size: 14px; font-style: italic; line-height: 19px;"><a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2009/mar/04/cadbury-fair-trade-dairy-milk">http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2009/mar/04/cadbury-fair-trade-dairy-milk</a><br /></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial; font-size: 14px; font-style: italic; line-height: 19px;"><br /></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px; ">hope wins over cynicism (again)</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial; font-size: 14px; font-style: italic; line-height: 19px;"><br /></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial; font-size: 14px; font-style: italic; line-height: 19px;"><br /></span></div>indar phhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03579706431783653704noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-34943722.post-13275019131067729752009-02-19T02:32:00.000-08:002009-02-19T02:39:03.337-08:00Aid = bad ?Dambisa Moyo is an economist who has worked as a consultant for The World Bank, and as head of economic research and strategy for Sub-Saharan Africa for Goldman Sachs.<div>She has written a book called "Dead Aid" about the aid industry.</div><div><br /></div><div>reviews of her book are here:</div><div><br /></div><div><a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/society/2009/feb/19/dambisa-moyo-dead-aid-africa">http://www.guardian.co.uk/society/2009/feb/19/dambisa-moyo-dead-aid-africa</a><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><a href="http://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/commentators/dambisa-moyo-aid-dependency-blights-africa-the-cure-is-in-the-credit-crisis-could-be-the-cure-1522996.html">http://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/commentators/dambisa-moyo-aid-dependency-blights-africa-the-cure-is-in-the-credit-crisis-could-be-the-cure-1522996.html</a><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><a href="http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/books/non-fiction/article5674886.ece">http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/books/non-fiction/article5674886.ece</a><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div>indar phhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03579706431783653704noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-34943722.post-65669898533483265012009-02-15T03:07:00.000-08:002009-02-15T03:08:59.793-08:00Internet access = good ?<span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial; font-size: 14px; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; line-height: 19px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><strong style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; background-repeat: no-repeat; ">"Unicef said that when they set up public computer kiosks </strong>with educational material, a cached Wikipedia, basic health information, etc, in villages that the people using them are aged six to 60, but when adding internet connectivity the age range reduces to 14 to 18. They consume porn and it creates an environment unfriendly to others."</span><br /></span><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial; font-size: 14px; font-style: italic; line-height: 19px;"><br /></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial; font-size: 14px; font-style: italic; line-height: 19px;"><a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/lifeandstyle/2009/feb/15/this-much-i-know-clay-shirky-technology">http://www.guardian.co.uk/lifeandstyle/2009/feb/15/this-much-i-know-clay-shirky-technology</a><br /></span></div>indar phhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03579706431783653704noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-34943722.post-85659594836197864692008-08-25T18:59:00.000-07:002008-08-25T19:00:55.610-07:00Rich countries once used gunboats to seize food. Now they use trade deals<span style="font-style: italic;">"In a recent report on this pillage, ActionAid shows that fishing families that once ate three times a day are now eating only once or twice. As the price of fish rises, their customers also go hungry. The same thing has happened in all the west African countries with which the EU has maintained fisheries agreements. In return for wretched amounts of foreign exchange, their primary source of protein has been looted."<br /><br /><a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2008/aug/26/food.eu">http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2008/aug/26/food.eu<br /></a><br /><br /></span>indar phhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03579706431783653704noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-34943722.post-4570280487546222072008-08-21T12:03:00.000-07:002008-08-21T12:06:45.154-07:00Peter Melchett: Don't believe the GM apologists<a style="font-style: italic;" href="http://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/commentators/peter-melchett-dont-believe-the-gm-apologists-904005.html">Arguments about genetic modification, often wrongly characterised as science versus irrational nature-worshippers, have lost none of their passion.</a><br /><br />(article from UK Independent)<br /><br />Maybe the answer to global warming is genetic modification ?<br />We can modify ourselves to survive higher (or lower) temperatures, lack of food, rising sea levels.indar phhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03579706431783653704noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-34943722.post-34351266516773700292008-08-19T22:17:00.000-07:002008-08-19T22:19:59.975-07:00UK adds to drain on global water sources<a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2008/aug/20/water.food">http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2008/aug/20/water.food</a><br /><br /><span style="font-style: italic;">"Water, or lack of it, has moved rapidly up the agenda for British businesses. A report published today by the environmental group WWF highlights why the issue is suddenly being taken so seriously. UK Water Footprint calculates for the first time how much water British consumers use, not just directly, but also indirectly due to the large volumes required to produce the globally-sourced, all year round foods and textile fibres which we now take for granted. According to WWF, each UK resident uses 4,645 litres of the world's water every day, compared to people in poor countries who subsist on 1,000 litres of "virtual water" a day."</span>indar phhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03579706431783653704noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-34943722.post-44530723052547207072008-05-28T00:53:00.000-07:002008-05-28T00:58:10.130-07:00UK ready to scrap killer cluster bombsExcellent news.<br /><a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2008/may/28/military.defence">UK ready to scrap killer cluster bombs</a><br /><br />Gordon Brown has been getting a hard ride, but if he succeeds in getting these bombs banned then this will be a great achievement.indar phhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03579706431783653704noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-34943722.post-6647330995564712752008-05-24T05:41:00.000-07:002008-05-24T05:46:18.809-07:00Britain leads the world in fairtradeA report in the UK <a href="http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/uk-leads-fairtrade-shopping-revolution-as-sales-hit-163560m-833567.html">Independent </a>newspaper states that Britons brought almost 30% of the worlds total value of fairtrade goods last year.<br />Are Brits more ethical/moral than other nationalities? Perhaps there is some truth in the idea of British "fair play" ?indar phhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03579706431783653704noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-34943722.post-79867221082057938432008-03-29T23:24:00.000-07:002008-03-29T23:26:30.119-07:00Adidas workers on £11 a week in China<p style="font-style: italic;">"THE German sportswear giant Adidas has paid a reported £50m to sponsor this summer’s Beijing Olympics with the slogan “Impossible is nothing”. </p><p><span style="font-style: italic;"> For the thousands of Chinese workers who earn a basic £11.36 a week making Adidas’s expensive trainers at factories in the industrial city of Fuzhou, one thing does seem impossible: to get fair play.</span>"</p><a href="http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/asia/article3646424.ece">http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/asia/article3646424.ece</a><br /><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p>indar phhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03579706431783653704noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-34943722.post-30570484410036532042008-03-22T00:09:00.000-07:002008-03-22T00:16:10.972-07:00corporate responsibility<h1> Workers at Tesco paid just 8p an hour </h1><br /><a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2008/03/22/ntesco122.xml">http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2008/03/22/ntesco122.xml<br /></a><br />The report from the UK Daily Telegraph describes how Tesco exploits its workers in Malaysia.<br />I have emailed Tesco customer service to ask them for an explanation, and would suggest that other Tesco customers do the same.<br /><br />Tesco Customer Service [customer.service@tesco.co.uk]indar phhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03579706431783653704noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-34943722.post-41417365337188828262008-03-10T23:31:00.000-07:002008-03-10T23:35:56.005-07:00minerals = money"<span style="font-style: italic;">A disturbing article this week in the </span><a style="font-style: italic;" href="http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/1f3dfd4e-ea3e-11dc-b3c9-0000779fd2ac.html">FT reports </a><span style="font-style: italic;">how cassiterite sourced through the use of child and slave labour has made it into the supply chains of global electronic goods manufacturers. Cassiterite is a derivative of tin ore necessarily used in circuitry and its use has, ironically, enabled devices to become more eco friendly. But at what cost</span>?"<br /><br /><a href="http://blogs.zdnet.com/sustainability/?p=114&tag=nl.e622">http://blogs.zdnet.com/sustainability/?p=114&tag=nl.e622</a><br /><br />Africa has wealth, not only in human resources, but in minerals; but this wealth is not used to benefit the people that live there.indar phhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03579706431783653704noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-34943722.post-64039714211645928702008-02-18T09:56:00.000-08:002008-02-18T10:00:38.114-08:00Whistle-blower site taken offline<span style="font-size:85%;"><b>"A controversial website that allows whistle-blowers to anonymously post government and corporate documents has been taken offline in the US."<br /><br /><a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/7250916.stm">http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/7250916.stm</a><br /><br />It's interesting that this site can be taken down, whereas sites that exploit children and show pornographic images aren't.<br /><br /></b></span>indar phhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03579706431783653704noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-34943722.post-68075104501866067782008-02-15T00:05:00.000-08:002008-02-15T00:07:16.695-08:00George Bush: a good man in Africa ???!They may not be George Bush's natural constituency but Rwanda's prostitutes have good things to say about him. So do poor South Africans abandoned by their quixotic government, and doctors across Africa who otherwise regard the American president as a walking crime against humanity."<br /><br />http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/feb/15/georgebush.usaindar phhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03579706431783653704noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-34943722.post-61987038515273045202008-02-07T04:14:00.000-08:002008-02-07T04:16:20.640-08:00The amazing power of money sent home"It has been known for years that most economic migrants send money home. But a recent study by the <a onclick="return Msn.Navigation.OpenNew(event,this)" href="http://www.ifad.org/">United Nations Agriculture Fund</a> shows that these remittances, as they are called, are far more important than was ever thought."<br /><br /><a href="http://money.uk.msn.com/guides/ethical-money/article.aspx?cp-documentid=7414450">http://money.uk.msn.com/guides/ethical-money/article.aspx?cp-documentid=7414450</a>indar phhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03579706431783653704noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-34943722.post-27309375880752492502007-12-19T01:13:00.000-08:002007-12-19T01:15:04.458-08:00Internet 'necessary' to Africa's growth<span style="font-size:85%;"><b>"A professor whose work in spreading information technology in Africa has been awarded by the Internet Society has hit out at critics who say the continent should focus first on basics like water and sanitation." (BBC News)<br /><br /><a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/7149788.stm">http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/7149788.stm</a><br /></b></span>indar phhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03579706431783653704noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-34943722.post-70730047973526457922007-12-09T12:05:00.000-08:002007-12-09T12:07:02.828-08:00Farmers in Africa, West rethink subsidyIn exchange for foreign aid, debt-saddled African countries agreed to cut subsidies. Less than 4 percent of government spending in sub-Saharan Africa now goes to agriculture. <p>But without a safety net, a single bad season can bankrupt a farmer, and often does. And without help, African farmers are too poor to pay for the good seed and fertilizer that bring land to life.</p> <p>There are signs of change. The World Bank is rethinking its stance on subsidies after a scathing internal review last month, and it made agriculture the center of its agenda this year for the first time in more than two decades. About 70 percent of Africans live off the land, and agricultural reform — from seed to market — is the surest way to lift the continent out of poverty.<br /></p><a href="http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20071209/ap_on_re_af/rethinking_africa_from_the_ground_up">http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20071209/ap_on_re_af/rethinking_africa_from_the_ground_up</a><br /><p><br /></p><p><br /></p>indar phhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03579706431783653704noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-34943722.post-65545188574372924502007-12-06T01:44:00.000-08:002007-12-06T01:49:38.331-08:00Jeffrey Sachs"The development community lacks the required ethical and professional standards. I am not suggesting that developent practitioners are corrupt or unethical: such cases are rare. Rather, the development economics community does not take on its work with the sense of responsibilty that the tasks require. Providing economic advice to others requries a profund committment to search for the right answers, not to settle for superficial approaches."<br /><br />The End of Povertyindar phhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03579706431783653704noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-34943722.post-14767411539729648482007-11-21T01:39:00.000-08:002007-11-21T01:49:28.156-08:00Nigeria: Siemens Bribery Scandal - Indicted Men Face the Music<a href="http://allafrica.com/stories/200711191176.html">http://allafrica.com/stories/200711191176.html</a><br /><br />I found this story to be particularly relevant after my experience of working for GTZ in Abuja.<br />The GTZ website states that the EoPSD project in Nigeria is funded by "the Bundesministerium für wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung (BMZ)", i.e. the German Government. In fact, I was told that 60% of the funding is coming from the BMZ, the other 40% is from another source (un-identified). It would be very interesting to establish who is providing the rest of the funding, and whether there is any connection to Siemens.<br /><br /><br />"<span style="font-style: italic;">Companies cooperating with GTZ for the first time tend to be disappointed with the amount of public-sector money on offer. When asked after the measures are concluded, however, the majority report being positively surprised by the quality of the advice they received and the fact that the "development workers" often had excellent contacts useful for helping the companies get into the market and reduce the risk of their engagement.</span>"<br /><br /><a href="http://www.inwent.org/E+Z/content/archive-eng/06-2003/foc_art2.html">http://www.inwent.org/E+Z/content/archive-eng/06-2003/foc_art2.html<br /></a>indar phhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03579706431783653704noreply@blogger.com0